Embryo transfer: procedure and embryo implantation

Embryo transfer is one of the most important steps in IVF. It involves transferring an embryo into the uterine cavity using a thin catheter. The procedure itself is brief, usually does not require anaesthesia, and is generally less physically demanding for the patient than egg retrieval.

From the perspective of the outcome, however, embryo transfer is a strategic moment. Success depends not only on embryo quality, but also on the condition of the uterine lining, timing, hormonal preparation and the patient’s individual factors.

Fresh transfer and frozen embryo transfer

Embryo transfer can take place in a fresh cycle after egg retrieval, or later as a frozen embryo transfer after thawing the embryo. A frozen transfer is used, for example, when it is appropriate to give the body time after stimulation, when genetic testing of embryos has been performed, or when the uterine lining needs to be prepared more effectively.

Modern vitrification enables high-quality preservation of embryos, so a delayed transfer is a routine part of reproductive medicine. The choice between a fresh and frozen transfer is guided by the medical plan, not by a universal rule.

How the uterine lining is prepared

The uterine lining must be in the correct phase so that it can receive the embryo. In a natural cycle, timing is guided by ovulation and hormonal changes. In a hormonally controlled cycle, the lining is prepared using oestrogen and progesterone.

The doctor monitors the thickness and appearance of the lining by ultrasound and checks whether the timing corresponds to the age of the embryo. A transfer performed too early or too late may reduce the chance of implantation, so precision is important.

How embryo transfer is performed

Introducing the embryo into the uterus is similar to a routine gynaecological examination. The doctor inserts a thin catheter through the cervix and gently places the embryo in the uterine cavity. The embryologist provides the embryo in a small amount of transfer medium. After the procedure, the patient rests briefly and then goes home.

The transfer involves a very early embryo. Whether pregnancy occurs is determined by the subsequent implantation, embryo quality and the biological communication between the embryo and the uterine lining.

Embryo implantation: what happens after transfer

Po transfere embryo pokračuje vo vývoji. Ak je vo vhodnom štádiu a sliznica je receptívna, môže dôjsť k prichyteniu a postupnému uhniezdeniu. Tento proces nie je okamžitý a pacientka ho nemusí nijako cítiť.

Špinenie, tlak v podbrušku, citlivosť prsníkov alebo absencia príznakov samy osebe nepotvrdzujú ani nevylučujú tehotenstvo. Spoľahlivú informáciu poskytne až test hCG v odporúčanom termíne.

What to do after embryo transfer

It is not necessary to remain lying down for a long time after transfer. A normal but calmer routine is usually recommended, while avoiding extreme physical exertion, hot baths, saunas and stopping medication without medical advice. Psychologically, it is important not to assess every symptom and to wait until the scheduled test date.

The patient should take the prescribed hormonal support exactly as instructed. Progesterone or other medication should not be discontinued without consulting the clinic, even in the event of spotting or an uncertain home pregnancy test.

If you are dealing with a similar situation, book a consultation at Reprofit. The doctor will review your medical history and examination results with you and propose an approach that reflects your age, diagnosis, available time and expectations. If necessary, this can be followed by a fertility assessment, semen analysis, ultrasound, IVF plan or laboratory methods.

FAQ

When does embryo implantation occur?

Implantation takes place gradually in the days after transfer, depending on the age of the embryo and the readiness of the uterine lining.

Will I know that the embryo has implanted?

Not reliably. Symptoms may be caused by hormones as well as by the normal cycle. The hCG test is decisive.

What reduces the chance of implantation?

Age and egg quality, embryo quality, the condition of the uterine lining, genetics, immunological and anatomical factors, smoking and certain health conditions.