Examination of Men

Modern times and an unhealthy lifestyle have a negative effect on male fertility. Infertility troubles men as much as women. Men now account for about half of all infertility cases in couples.

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Decline in semen quality
Genetic causes
Autoimmune reaction to own sperm
Damaged sperm DNA
Obstruction of the vas deferens
Coital problems (impotence, ejaculatory failure)
Vasectomy

Examination of Men

Spermiogram

It is performed after 2-3 days of sexual abstinence. The number of sperm per 1 ml, their motility and the shape of their heads, necks and tails are evaluated.

If the semen analysis shows any abnormality, it is advisable to repeat the examination 2 to 3 months after and only if abnormalities recur, it is recommended to see a urologist or andrologist (specialist in male infertility).

Genetic testing to explain male infertility

This examination is suitable for men over 45 years with absence of sperm in their ejaculate and in case of repeated miscarriages of the partner, or with risk of congenital disorder or defect.

A. Chromosomal abnormalities
Approximately 5 - 15 % men with serious disorder of quantity or quality of sperm show also abnormalities of their chromosome, which may be diagnosed by analysis from blood - so-called karyotype determination.

B. Microdeletion on the Y chromosome
10 - 20 % of men with serious sperm count disorder (below 2 million per ml), but with normal number of chromosomes (karyotype), are carriers of a defect on the Y chromosome. This type of disorder is called microdeletion and the Y chromosome does not contain some key genes that are responsible for the production and development of sperm. The affected men may carry this defect onto their sons.

C. Cystic fibrosis and congenital atresia of the vas deferens (CAVD)
This disorder occurs only in men with complete absence of sperm in their ejaculate. In men with CAVD it is highly probable that they also carry the gene for cystic fibrosis (CF). Therefore men without any sperm found in their ejaculate it is necessary to perform genetic testing for carrying cystic fibrosis.

Hormonal examination of the man

This examination is sometimes performed in men with low sperm quality.

However, its significance in diagnosing male infertility is limited. It examines levels of FSH, LH and testosterone, which inform about the hormonal background of sperm production.